Discovery and Brady Materials

In accordance with the Due Process Clause of the United States Constitution, the Government has an obligation to provide a defendant, upon his request, of all evidence in its possession that is favorable to the defendant and material to the case against the defendant. If the Government fails to disclose the requested information to the defendant, a new trial may be required.

Overview of Prison Offenses

Even after a defendant has been convicted and sentenced to a prison term, he may be charged, convicted, and sentenced again for any offenses committed while in prison. A prison is defined as a correctional or detention facility. Although states vary on the types of chargeable prison offenses, there are some general offenses both under numerous state laws and federal law.

FRIVOLOUS APPEALS

An appeal is considered to be frivolous if it lacks merit. An appeal lacks merit if a trial court committed no error in a defendant's case. Attorneys generally have a duty not to file frivolous appeals. However, even though an attorney may deem that a defendant's appeal is frivolous, he or she may be required to file an appellate brief. Such a brief is called an "Anders" brief.

The Exclusionary Rule

When a defendant's fourth, fifth or sixth amendment rights have been violated, the exclusionary rule may apply. The exclusionary rule prevents evidence that was illegally obtained from admission at trial. The exclusionary rule was created by case law in 1914 and was made applicable to the states through case law in 1961.The exclusionary rule is a judicial mandate and does not guarantee the defendant's right to constitutional safeguards.

MISTAKE OF FACT AS A DEFENSE

The defense of mistake of fact is used when a defendant is accused of committing a particular crime and the defendant admits that he or she committed another crime, which other crime is different from the particular crime and is not a lesser-included offense of the particular crime. The defense is based on the defendant's belief that he or she was committing another crime, which crime is less serious than the crime with which the defendant is charged.